From c48a106a051de9430e2b6f441afef3b610ae3ed5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Aug 2026 16:41:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=8C=B3=20fix:=20make=20cereale/min=20tree?=
 =?UTF-8?q?-shake=20too,=20and=20correct=20what=20I=20overclaimed?=
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
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An audit of the last commit found two real problems and several claims of
mine that went further than the evidence.

**cereale/min was not tree-shakable.** scripts/build-bundle.mjs used
esbuild's `minify: true`, whose minifyWhitespace pass strips comments —
/*#__PURE__*/ annotations included. The published entry point therefore
reproduced exactly the bug the previous commit fixed: one decorator came
out at 5,066 bytes with all 26 unrelated rule messages, against 1,837 from
the per-module entry. Every source-level check stayed green, because they
all bundled src/ and the annotations are stripped on the way into dist/.

It is now minified for syntax and identifiers but not whitespace: 33.9 KB
raw and 9.6 KB gzipped against 26.0/8.7, so about a kilobyte over the wire
for a file that behaves correctly however it is used. One decorator via
cereale/min is now 1,996 bytes. The build asserts the annotation count
survives, and treeshake.test.ts now bundles the published artifact as well
as the source — the gap that let this through.

**sideEffects was partly inert.** `./dist/cjs/metadata.js` could never
match: the build writes dist/cjs/package.json, which becomes the nearest
descriptor for everything beneath it, so bundlers read sideEffects from
there. That file now carries its own declaration. `./src/metadata.ts` was
missing while src/ is published, which declared the Symbol.metadata install
droppable in the source tree. Five module-scope caches in utils.ts are
annotated for the same reason as the rules.

I checked the audit's third blocker — that the Symbol.metadata install is
dropped by bundlers — and it is not. It survives every case where it is
load-bearing (a decorator import, toPlainSync, modelOf, and a decorated
model bundled with an app). It is dropped only when importing nothing but
flattenErrors, which needs no metadata, so that is correct.

Corrections to my own wording:
- "all three bundlers land within 20 bytes" held only for the one-decorator
  row; larger imports differ by up to a few hundred bytes
- "measured through three bundlers, and pinned by a test" read as though the
  test covered all three; it covers esbuild, on source and on dist
- "every rule is a top-level call" — 30 of the 68 are
- the docs page "loads nothing from the network" — it fetches its own
  vendored compiler, same-origin, on first Run. It has no third-party
  dependencies, which is the claim I should have made
- cereale/min's size, everywhere it appears

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01SAcqrz3FcadkYr3xG32CjK
---
 CHANGELOG.md             | 20 +++++++++++-------
 FRAMEWORKS.md            |  2 +-
 README.md                | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 docs/cereale.js          |  4 ++--
 package.json             |  4 ++--
 scripts/build-bundle.mjs | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 src/treeshake.test.ts    | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/utils.ts             | 10 ++++-----
 8 files changed, 118 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 3d5341b..21a1848 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,16 +9,20 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ### `cereale/min` — one file, no bundler
 
-The whole library flattened into a single minified ES module: **25.5 KB, 8.6 KB gzipped**, for
+The whole library flattened into a single minified ES module: **33.9 KB, 9.6 KB gzipped**, for
 import maps, `<script type="module">`, Deno and Workers. It is built from `dist/esm/index.js`,
 so the decorator lowering and the ES2025 target are whatever `tsc` produced — esbuild only
 flattens and minifies.
 
-It is an addition, not a replacement, and the measurement is why. Bundled through esbuild the
-flat and per-module builds produce consumer bundles within **2 bytes** of each other; through
-rollup + terser the flat one is 165 bytes smaller; unused decorators tree-shake out of both.
-Since the size argument is a wash, the per-module build stays the default `import` for the one
-thing it does better — readable stack traces for anyone not loading source maps.
+It is an addition, not a replacement. The per-module build stays the default `import`: it keeps
+readable stack traces for anyone not loading source maps, and it is what a bundler should be
+given.
+
+The flat file is minified for syntax and identifiers but **not** whitespace. Full minification
+strips comments — including the `/*#__PURE__*/` annotations below — which silently made
+`cereale/min` un-tree-shakable: one decorator came out at 5,066 bytes against 1,837 from the
+per-module entry, with all 26 unrelated rule messages back in the output. Keeping the
+annotations costs about a kilobyte gzipped and is asserted by the build.
 
 ### Tree-shaking
 
@@ -31,7 +35,9 @@ The cause is that every rule is a top-level call — `export const IsString = ru
 proves such a call side-effect-free by reading the factory, which is why rollup was already
 producing 1,823 bytes and hid the problem from a single-bundler measurement. esbuild and
 webpack will not do that analysis, and keep the call. Thirty declarations now carry
-`/*#__PURE__*/`, and all three bundlers land within 20 bytes of each other.
+`/*#__PURE__*/`. On the single-decorator import that exposed the problem the three bundlers now
+land within 19 bytes of each other; on larger imports they still differ by up to a few hundred,
+which is ordinary bundler variation rather than anything left unshaken.
 
 Measured, minified, across esbuild / rollup / webpack:
 
diff --git a/FRAMEWORKS.md b/FRAMEWORKS.md
index aa34299..9525f58 100644
--- a/FRAMEWORKS.md
+++ b/FRAMEWORKS.md
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ await esbuild.build({
 
 ## A single file, no bundler
 
-`cereale/min` is the whole library flattened into one minified ES module (25.5 KB, 8.6 KB
+`cereale/min` is the whole library flattened into one minified ES module (33.9 KB, 9.6 KB
 gzipped) for import maps, `<script type="module">`, Deno and Workers.
 
 **If you are using a bundler, do not use it.** It is the whole library in one file, so nothing
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1e31c04..15abc69 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ user.greet();                            // your methods are still there
 
 **[avalon-vanguard.github.io/cereale](https://avalon-vanguard.github.io/cereale/)** — an
 interactive playground that runs this library in your browser, the full decorator reference,
-and the toolchain matrix. The page is self-contained and loads nothing from the network; it is
-served from `docs/` on `main`, and `npm run build:docs` rebuilds its assets to open locally.
+and the toolchain matrix. The page has no third-party dependencies — no CDN, no analytics, no webfonts; the only thing it
+fetches is its own vendored compiler, and only when you first press Run. It is served from
+`docs/` on `main`, and `npm run build:docs` rebuilds its assets to open locally.
 
 ## Where it fits
 
@@ -498,29 +499,38 @@ it is one `Symbol.toStringTag` read per object.
 
 Cereale tree-shakes. Every rule is declared so that a bundler can drop the ones you did not
 import, which matters for a library with 68 decorators — you pay for what you name and nothing
-else. Minified bytes, measured through three bundlers, and
-[pinned by a test](src/treeshake.test.ts) so it cannot quietly regress:
+else. Minified bytes, measured through esbuild, rollup and webpack. The table was measured by hand;
+what is [pinned by a test](src/treeshake.test.ts) is the property behind it — that a given
+import drops the parts of the library it does not reach — checked through esbuild on both the
+source and the published bundle:
 
 | What you import | esbuild | rollup | webpack |
 | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
 | `flattenErrors` | 287 | 292 | 291 |
 | one decorator | 1,837 | 1,823 | 1,818 |
-| `validateSync` | 3,722 | 3,554 | 3,823 |
-| `toPlainSync` | 7,744 | 7,769 | 7,832 |
-| `toInstanceSync` | 7,900 | 7,942 | 7,956 |
-| a typical DTO — 5 decorators, map, validate, format errors | 10,395 | 10,402 | 10,372 |
+| `validateSync` | 3,722 | 3,554 | 3,738 |
+| `toPlainSync` | 7,744 | 7,769 | 7,771 |
+| `toInstanceSync` | 7,900 | 7,942 | 7,944 |
+| a typical DTO — 5 decorators, map, validate, format errors | 10,395 | 10,402 | 10,360 |
 | the whole library | 26,266 | 25,671 | 26,879 |
 
 The serializer and the deserializer drop independently: read JSON and you do not pay for
 writing it. The validator is kept by both, because `validate` defaults to `true` and the entry
 points reference it whatever a given call site passes.
 
-This did not come for free. Every rule is a top-level call — `export const IsString = rule(…)` —
-and rollup can prove such a call side-effect-free by reading the factory, but esbuild and
-webpack will not. Without a `/*#__PURE__*/` annotation on each of them, importing one decorator
-pulled in the message and validator of all 68: **4,909 bytes instead of 1,837**. Nothing failed;
-the library was simply three times heavier in every consumer's bundle, and the only way to find
-out was to measure.
+This did not come for free. Thirty of the rules are declared as top-level calls —
+`export const IsString = rule(…)` — and rollup can prove such a call side-effect-free by reading
+the factory, but esbuild and webpack will not. Without a `/*#__PURE__*/` annotation on each of
+them, importing one decorator pulled in the message and validator of all 68: **4,909 bytes
+instead of 1,837**. Nothing failed; the library was simply three times heavier in every
+consumer's bundle, and the only way to find out was to measure. Note what that means for
+measuring: rollup alone would have shown nothing wrong.
+
+`cereale/min` tree-shakes too, which took a second fix — esbuild's `minify` strips comments,
+annotations included, so the flat bundle was silently reproducing the same bug (5,066 bytes for
+one decorator). It is now minified for syntax and identifiers but not whitespace: 33.9 KB raw,
+9.6 KB gzipped, about a kilobyte over the wire more than full minification would give. Still,
+if you are using a bundler, import from `cereale` rather than `cereale/min`.
 
 ## Notes and Limitations
 
diff --git a/docs/cereale.js b/docs/cereale.js
index 1806bc7..3a5c5ee 100644
--- a/docs/cereale.js
+++ b/docs/cereale.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 621b179..2392cb4 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
   },
   "sideEffects": [
     "./dist/esm/metadata.js",
-    "./dist/cjs/metadata.js",
-    "./dist/cereale.min.js"
+    "./dist/cereale.min.js",
+    "./src/metadata.ts"
   ],
   "files": [
     "dist",
diff --git a/scripts/build-bundle.mjs b/scripts/build-bundle.mjs
index d8bfd6d..9bebf62 100644
--- a/scripts/build-bundle.mjs
+++ b/scripts/build-bundle.mjs
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 /**
  * Flattens the ESM build into a single minified module.
  *
- * This is an *addition*, not a replacement. `dist/esm` stays the default `import`, because
- * measuring says the flat file buys a consumer nothing: bundled through esbuild the two come
- * out within 2 bytes of each other, through rollup+terser the flat one is ~165 bytes smaller,
- * and unused decorators tree-shake out of both. What the per-module build keeps is readable
- * stack traces for anyone who does not load source maps.
+ * This is an *addition*, not a replacement. `dist/esm` stays the default `import`: it keeps
+ * readable stack traces for anyone who does not load source maps, and it is what a bundler
+ * should be handed.
  *
  * Where the single file does earn its place is everywhere a bundler is not involved: a
  * `<script type="module">` tag, a CDN, an import map, Deno, or a Worker. That is what
@@ -33,7 +31,17 @@ await build({
   bundle: true,
   format: 'esm',
   target: 'esnext',
-  minify: true,
+  // NOT `minify: true`. That turns on `minifyWhitespace`, which strips comments — including
+  // the /*#__PURE__*/ annotations that make the rules droppable. A bundler fed the fully
+  // minified file re-inherits the exact bug those annotations fixed: one decorator came out
+  // at 5,066 bytes against 1,837 from the per-module entry, with all 26 unrelated rule
+  // messages back in the output.
+  //
+  // Syntax and identifier minification keep them. The cost is 34.6 KB raw against 26.0 KB,
+  // but 9.8 KB gzipped against 8.7 KB — about a kilobyte over the wire, which is a fair price
+  // for a file that behaves correctly however someone ends up using it.
+  minifySyntax: true,
+  minifyIdentifiers: true,
   sourcemap: true,
   legalComments: 'none',
   banner: { js: `/*! cereale ${pkg.version} | MIT | ${pkg.homepage} */` },
@@ -50,11 +58,32 @@ const emitted = await readFile(outfile, 'utf8');
 if (!emitted.includes(`cereale ${pkg.version}`)) {
   throw new Error('the bundle banner does not carry the current version');
 }
-for (const name of ['toInstanceSync', 'IsString', 'standardDecorators']) {
-  if (name === 'standardDecorators') continue; // cereale/vite is a separate entry point
+for (const name of ['toInstanceSync', 'IsString']) {
   if (!emitted.includes(name)) throw new Error(`${name} is missing from the flat bundle`);
 }
 
+// The whole reason this file is not fully minified. Asserting it here means a future change to
+// the minify options fails the build rather than silently tripling what a bundler keeps.
+const annotations = (emitted.match(/__PURE__/g) ?? []).length;
+const expected = (await readFile(path.join(dist, 'esm/decorators.js'), 'utf8').then(
+  (s) => (s.match(/__PURE__/g) ?? []).length
+));
+if (annotations < expected) {
+  throw new Error(
+    `the flat bundle kept ${annotations} /*#__PURE__*/ annotations but dist/esm/decorators.js has ` +
+    `${expected}. Minification stripped them, so anything bundling cereale/min would keep every ` +
+    'unused rule. Do not turn on minifyWhitespace here.'
+  );
+}
+
+// dist/cjs/package.json is the nearest descriptor for every module beneath it, so bundlers
+// read `sideEffects` from there rather than from the root manifest. Declaring it only at the
+// root leaves the whole CommonJS build undeclared.
+await writeFile(
+  path.join(dist, 'cjs/package.json'),
+  JSON.stringify({ type: 'commonjs', sideEffects: ['./metadata.js'] }, null, 2) + '\n'
+);
+
 const size = (await stat(outfile)).size;
 const gzip = gzipSync(emitted).length;
 console.log(`dist/cereale.min.js   ${(size / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB  (${(gzip / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB gzipped)`);
diff --git a/src/treeshake.test.ts b/src/treeshake.test.ts
index 86c08c1..a53026c 100644
--- a/src/treeshake.test.ts
+++ b/src/treeshake.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { build } from 'esbuild';
 import { mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { existsSync, readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 
@@ -136,4 +137,37 @@ describe('tree-shaking', () => {
     // "shaken" result upstream means shaken rather than misspelled.
     expectShaken(code, Object.values(MARKER), []);
   });
+
+  /**
+   * The cases above bundle `src/`, which is where the annotations are written — so they cannot
+   * see what happens to them on the way into `dist/`. That is exactly where this broke: the
+   * flat bundle behind `cereale/min` was built with esbuild's `minify: true`, whose
+   * `minifyWhitespace` pass strips comments, annotations included. The published entry point
+   * kept all 26 unrelated rules (5,066 bytes against 1,837) while every source-level check
+   * stayed green.
+   */
+  describe('the published artifacts', () => {
+    const dist = path.resolve('dist');
+    const built = existsSync(path.join(dist, 'cereale.min.js'));
+
+    it.runIf(built)('cereale/min tree-shakes as well as the per-module entry', async () => {
+      const code = await bundle(`
+        import { IsString } from ${JSON.stringify(path.join(dist, 'cereale.min.js'))};
+        export const d = IsString();
+      `.replace('CEREALE', 'unused'));
+
+      expectShaken(code, [MARKER.isString], [MARKER.isLatitude, MARKER.isSemVer, MARKER.serializer]);
+      expect(code.length).toBeLessThan(3000);
+    });
+
+    it.runIf(built)('keeps its purity annotations through minification', async () => {
+      const flat = readFileSync(path.join(dist, 'cereale.min.js'), 'utf8');
+      const perModule = readFileSync(path.join(dist, 'esm/decorators.js'), 'utf8');
+      const count = (s: string) => (s.match(/__PURE__/g) ?? []).length;
+
+      expect(count(perModule), 'src annotations should reach dist/esm').toBeGreaterThan(20);
+      expect(count(flat), 'minification stripped the annotations from the flat bundle')
+        .toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(count(perModule));
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/utils.ts b/src/utils.ts
index 53aad8d..83985e6 100644
--- a/src/utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils.ts
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export class JsonMappingError extends Error {
  * next steps in a pollution chain. This library exists to parse request bodies, so the
  * transform layer drops them rather than trusting callers to sanitise first.
  */
-const FORBIDDEN_KEYS = new Set(['__proto__', 'constructor', 'prototype']);
+const FORBIDDEN_KEYS = /*#__PURE__*/ new Set(['__proto__', 'constructor', 'prototype']);
 
 /**
  * Stands in for the value of a property that is never serialized, so that a failing password
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ interface OutboundProperty {
   serializer?: any;
 }
 
-const outboundCache = new WeakMap<ClassModel, { version: number; byStrategy: Map<unknown, Map<string, OutboundProperty>> }>();
+const outboundCache = /*#__PURE__*/ new WeakMap<ClassModel, { version: number; byStrategy: Map<unknown, Map<string, OutboundProperty>> }>();
 
 /**
  * Resolves how one property is written out, memoized per (prototype, naming strategy).
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ interface InboundNames {
 
 // Name maps are derived purely from decorator metadata, which is fixed once a class is
 // declared, so they are cached per (prototype, naming strategy).
-const inboundCache = new WeakMap<ClassModel, { version: number; byStrategy: Map<unknown, InboundNames> }>();
+const inboundCache = /*#__PURE__*/ new WeakMap<ClassModel, { version: number; byStrategy: Map<unknown, InboundNames> }>();
 
 /**
  * Builds the JSON-name -> property-key lookup used when reading a payload.
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ interface CachedPlan {
 // Turning a class model into a per-property plan is cheap, but doing it on every call was
 // measurably not: profiling showed roughly half of all validation time re-deriving answers
 // that cannot change. Plans are memoized per model and invalidated by the model version.
-const planCache = new WeakMap<ClassModel, CachedPlan>();
+const planCache = /*#__PURE__*/ new WeakMap<ClassModel, CachedPlan>();
 
 /**
  * Collapses rules that are genuinely identical.
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ function validationPlan(model: ClassModel): PropertyPlan[] {
 
 // Serializers and deserializers are stateless by contract, so one instance per class is
 // enough. Constructing a fresh one for every property of every object was pure waste.
-const converterCache = new WeakMap<object, any>();
+const converterCache = /*#__PURE__*/ new WeakMap<object, any>();
 
 function converterFor(clazz: any): any {
   let instance = converterCache.get(clazz);